Understanding the Motion

* Horizontal Motion: The ball's horizontal velocity remains constant at 9 meters per second because there's no horizontal force acting on it (we're ignoring air resistance).

* Vertical Motion: The ball is affected by gravity, causing it to accelerate downward at approximately 9.8 meters per second squared.

Calculations

* Horizontal Displacement: After one second, the ball will have traveled 9 meters horizontally (9 m/s * 1 s = 9 m).

* Vertical Displacement:

* The initial vertical velocity is 0 m/s (since it was thrown horizontally).

* Using the equation: d = v₀t + (1/2)at²

* d = vertical displacement

* v₀ = initial vertical velocity (0 m/s)

* t = time (1 s)

* a = acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s²)

* d = (0 m/s)(1 s) + (1/2)(9.8 m/s²)(1 s)² = 4.9 meters

* The ball will have fallen 4.9 meters vertically.

Summary

One second after being thrown, the ball will be:

* 9 meters horizontally from the cliff

* 4.9 meters below the cliff

Important Note: This assumes no air resistance. In reality, air resistance would slow the ball down slightly, affecting both the horizontal and vertical distances traveled.