1. Tension: This is a pulling force that occurs on the outer surface of the bend. The material is being stretched, and the molecules are being pulled apart.
2. Compression: This is a pushing force that occurs on the inner surface of the bend. The material is being squeezed, and the molecules are being pushed closer together.
These forces work in opposition to each other, creating a bending moment that causes the object to deform. The point where the tension and compression forces meet is called the neutral axis.
It's important to note that bending can also involve other forces, like shear forces, but tension and compression are the most significant contributors to the bending process.
