1. Resistors:
* Ideal Resistors: Resistance is independent of frequency. An ideal resistor will have the same resistance at all frequencies.
* Real Resistors: Real resistors have some parasitic capacitance and inductance. These parasitic elements become more significant at higher frequencies, causing the resistance to change slightly with frequency.
2. Capacitors:
* Capacitive Reactance: Capacitors have a property called capacitive reactance (Xc), which is inversely proportional to frequency:
* Xc = 1 / (2πfC) where f is frequency and C is capacitance.
* As frequency doubles, capacitive reactance is halved.
* Since reactance acts like resistance in AC circuits, a doubling of frequency leads to a halving of the "resistance" offered by the capacitor.
3. Inductors:
* Inductive Reactance: Inductors have an inductive reactance (XL) that is directly proportional to frequency:
* XL = 2πfL where f is frequency and L is inductance.
* As frequency doubles, inductive reactance doubles.
* Therefore, doubling the frequency doubles the "resistance" offered by the inductor.
In Summary:
* Resistors: Mostly unaffected by frequency, with slight changes due to parasitic elements in real resistors.
* Capacitors: Resistance (reactance) decreases as frequency increases.
* Inductors: Resistance (reactance) increases as frequency increases.
