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  • Work Done Against Friction on a Horizontal Surface - Physics Explained
    When a force moves an object over a rough horizontal surface at a constant velocity, the work done against friction must be equal to the work done by the applied force. Here's why:

    * Constant Velocity: The object moving at a constant velocity means its acceleration is zero.

    * Newton's First Law: Zero acceleration implies that the net force acting on the object is zero.

    * Forces at Play: The forces acting on the object are the applied force (pushing or pulling the object) and the frictional force opposing its motion.

    * Equal and Opposite: For the net force to be zero, the applied force and the frictional force must be equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.

    * Work: Work is done when a force moves an object over a distance. Since the applied force and frictional force are equal in magnitude, the work done by the applied force is equal to the work done against friction.

    In simpler terms: To keep the object moving at a constant speed, you need to put in enough energy to overcome the friction. The work you do (by applying the force) directly goes into fighting the friction.

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