There are several instruments used to measure short distances, depending on the level of accuracy and the type of measurement needed. Here are a few examples:

For general measurements:

* Ruler: A simple, common tool for measuring lengths in inches or centimeters.

* Tape measure: A flexible measuring tool with a retractable tape marked in inches or centimeters. Useful for measuring curved or irregular shapes.

For more precise measurements:

* Calipers: Used for measuring the thickness, diameter, or depth of an object.

* Micrometer: A highly precise instrument for measuring very small distances, often used in engineering and manufacturing.

* Vernier caliper: An instrument that combines a ruler and a sliding vernier scale to achieve greater precision than a standard ruler.

For specific applications:

* Odometer: Measures the distance traveled by a vehicle.

* Rangefinder: Uses lasers or sound waves to determine the distance to an object.

* Tachymeter: Measures the distance to a target using a theodolite (an instrument for measuring angles).

The best instrument for measuring short distances will depend on the specific application and the required level of accuracy.