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  • Understanding Thrust: The Essential Role of Working Fluids in Propulsion Systems
    A propulsion system must be in contact with a working fluid in order to create thrust.

    Here's why:

    * Thrust is the force that propels an object forward.

    * To generate thrust, something must be accelerated in the opposite direction.

    * A working fluid acts as the medium that is accelerated.

    Examples of working fluids:

    * Rocket engines: Use hot gas (like combustion products) as the working fluid.

    * Jet engines: Use air (compressed and heated) as the working fluid.

    * Propellers: Use air or water as the working fluid.

    * Ion thrusters: Use ions (charged particles) as the working fluid.

    The principle is the same: the propulsion system expels the working fluid at high speed, generating an equal and opposite force (thrust) that propels the system forward.

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