* Velocity: The speed of light decreases. This is because light travels slower through denser mediums.
* Frequency: The frequency of light *remains the same*. Frequency is an inherent property of the light wave itself and doesn't change as it moves from one medium to another.
* Wavelength: The wavelength of light *decreases*. Since the speed of light changes, and frequency stays constant, the wavelength must adjust to maintain the relationship:
* Speed of light = Wavelength x Frequency
What Causes This?
The change in the speed of light is due to the interaction of light with the atoms in the glass. The light waves cause the electrons in the glass atoms to oscillate. This interaction slows down the overall propagation of the light wave.
Dispersion: Why We See Colors
The change in speed and wavelength for different colors of light is not equal. Red light travels slightly faster through glass than violet light. This difference in speed causes the different colors to bend at different angles (refract) as they enter and exit the prism. This separation of colors is called *dispersion*.
In summary:
* Speed: Decreases
* Frequency: Remains the same
* Wavelength: Decreases
This is what creates the beautiful spectrum of colors we see when light passes through a prism!
