1. Mass: This refers to the amount of matter in an object. It's a fundamental property that determines how much an object resists changes in motion (inertia). We typically measure mass in kilograms (kg).

2. Volume: This refers to the amount of space that an object occupies. We typically measure volume in cubic meters (m³) or liters (L).

There are many other properties of matter, but mass and volume are considered fundamental and essential for understanding the physical world.