1. Reflection:
* Specular Reflection: The light bounces off the surface in a predictable and organized way. This happens on smooth surfaces like mirrors, resulting in a clear image. The angle of reflection (the angle between the reflected ray and the normal to the surface) is equal to the angle of incidence (the angle between the incident ray and the normal).
* Diffuse Reflection: The light scatters in all directions, due to the surface's irregularity. This is what happens on rough surfaces like walls, making them appear dull.
2. Refraction:
* If the light passes through a transparent medium (like water or glass), its direction will change. This is known as refraction. The amount of bending depends on the angle of incidence and the refractive indices of the two media.
3. Absorption:
* Some of the light energy can be absorbed by the surface. This depends on the material and the wavelength of the light. Dark surfaces absorb more light than lighter ones.
4. Transmission:
* Some light can pass through transparent surfaces (like glass). This is called transmission. The amount of light transmitted depends on the material and its thickness.
5. Scattering:
* Light can scatter as it interacts with particles in the medium, changing its direction. This happens in the atmosphere, causing the sky to appear blue.
In summary:
The behavior of light on a surface is determined by a combination of reflection, refraction, absorption, transmission, and scattering. The specific outcome depends on the nature of the surface and the incident light.
