Classical physics deals with the study of physical phenomena that can be explained by the laws of motion and gravity formulated by Isaac Newton in the 17th century. It includes:

* Mechanics: Deals with the motion of objects and their interaction with forces.

* Thermodynamics: Studies heat, work, temperature, and energy transfer.

* Electromagnetism: Deals with the interaction of electric and magnetic fields.

* Optics: Focuses on the properties of light and its interaction with matter.

* Acoustics: Studies sound and its properties.

Modern physics emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries with new discoveries and theories that could not be explained by classical physics. It includes:

* Quantum mechanics: Studies the behavior of matter and energy at the atomic and subatomic levels.

* Relativity: Deals with the relationship between space, time, gravity, and the motion of objects at high speeds.

* Nuclear physics: Focuses on the structure and properties of atomic nuclei.

* Particle physics: Studies the fundamental particles that make up matter.

* Astrophysics: Applies physical laws to understand the behavior of stars, galaxies, and the universe as a whole.

These two branches, while distinct, are interconnected. Many areas of modern physics rely on fundamental principles established in classical physics.