* Terminal velocity is the constant speed that a freely falling object eventually reaches when the force of air resistance equals the force of gravity.
* Force of gravity is directly proportional to the mass of the object (F = mg, where g is the acceleration due to gravity).
* Air resistance depends on factors like the object's shape, size, and velocity, but it also increases with mass. A heavier object will experience greater air resistance at a given speed.
Here's how it works:
1. Initial Fall: As an object falls, its velocity increases, and so does the force of air resistance acting against it.
2. Reaching Equilibrium: Eventually, the force of air resistance becomes equal to the force of gravity. At this point, the net force on the object is zero, and it stops accelerating.
3. Constant Speed: The object continues falling at a constant speed, which is its terminal velocity.
The Relationship Between Mass and Terminal Velocity:
* Heavier objects: Due to their higher gravitational force, heavier objects need to reach a higher velocity to generate enough air resistance to balance it. Therefore, they have a higher terminal velocity.
* Lighter objects: Lighter objects experience less gravitational force and thus require less air resistance to reach equilibrium. They have a lower terminal velocity.
Important Note: While mass is a key factor, other factors like the object's shape, surface area, and the density of the air also play a role in determining terminal velocity.
