1. Reflection: The light bounces off the surface. This is what allows us to see objects. The angle of incidence (the angle at which the light hits the surface) is equal to the angle of reflection.

2. Refraction: The light passes through the surface but changes direction. This is what causes objects to appear distorted when viewed through water or glass. The amount of refraction depends on the materials on either side of the surface and the angle of incidence.

It's important to note that both reflection and refraction can happen at the same time, just to varying degrees depending on the surface and the material.