* Classical Mechanics: The study of motion of macroscopic objects.
* Electromagnetism: The study of electric and magnetic fields.
* Thermodynamics: The study of heat and temperature.
* Special Relativity: The theory of space and time at speeds close to the speed of light.
* General Relativity: The theory of gravity and the large-scale structure of the universe.
* Quantum Mechanics: The study of the behavior of matter at the atomic and subatomic levels.
These theories are considered "orthodox" because they have been rigorously tested and validated through experiments and observations. They are the foundation of our understanding of the physical world, and they are used in a wide range of applications, from engineering to medicine to cosmology.
However, it's important to note that even within mainstream physics, there are ongoing debates and disagreements about specific interpretations and extensions of these theories. For example, there are different interpretations of quantum mechanics, and there are ongoing efforts to develop a unified theory that incorporates all the fundamental forces of nature.
It's also worth mentioning that there are alternative or fringe theories that challenge mainstream physics. These theories are often not accepted by the scientific community due to lack of experimental evidence or inconsistencies with well-established principles.
Therefore, "orthodox physics" can be a somewhat ambiguous term. It's best to be specific about the particular theory or concept you are referring to when using this term.
