* Object Shape and Size: A larger surface area creates more air resistance, slowing the object down. A streamlined object experiences less resistance.
* Object Mass: A heavier object needs a higher velocity to overcome air resistance.
* Air Density: Thicker air provides more resistance, leading to a lower terminal velocity.
Here's how it works:
1. Gravity pulls the object down: This force accelerates the object.
2. Air resistance increases with speed: The faster the object falls, the more air it pushes against, creating a resistance force.
3. Terminal velocity is reached when: The force of gravity pulling the object down equals the force of air resistance pushing it up. At this point, the object stops accelerating and falls at a constant speed.
Examples:
* A skydiver in a spread-eagle position reaches a terminal velocity of about 120 mph (193 km/h).
* A falling raindrop reaches a terminal velocity of about 7 mph (11 km/h).
* A feather, with its large surface area and low mass, reaches a very low terminal velocity.
Important Note: Terminal velocity is not the maximum speed an object can achieve in freefall. In a vacuum (no air resistance), an object would continue to accelerate indefinitely due to gravity.
