1. Refraction: The light bends as it passes from air into water. This is because light travels at different speeds in different mediums. Since light travels slower in water than in air, the beam bends towards the normal (an imaginary line perpendicular to the surface of the water).
2. Reflection: A portion of the light is reflected back into the air. This is why you can see your reflection in water. The amount of light reflected depends on the angle of incidence (the angle at which the light hits the water).
3. Absorption: Some of the light is absorbed by the water molecules. This is why water appears blue or green, as these wavelengths are absorbed less than others. The deeper the water, the more light is absorbed.
4. Scattering: The light that isn't absorbed or reflected can be scattered by particles in the water. This scattering is what makes water appear cloudy or murky.
In summary: When a beam of light hits water, it is refracted (bent), reflected, absorbed, and scattered. The relative amounts of each process depend on factors such as the angle of incidence, the clarity of the water, and the wavelength of light.
