1. Buoyancy: This is the upward force exerted by the air on the balloon. It is caused by the difference in density between the hot air inside the balloon and the cooler air outside. The hot air is less dense, creating an upward force that pushes the balloon upwards.
2. Gravity: This is the downward force that pulls the balloon towards the Earth. It is determined by the mass of the balloon and its contents.
When the buoyancy force is greater than the force of gravity, the balloon will rise. When the buoyancy force is less than the force of gravity, the balloon will descend. When the two forces are equal, the balloon will hover in the air.
