* Transverse component: The water particles move up and down, perpendicular to the direction the wave travels. This is the most visible part of a water wave, creating the crests and troughs.
* Longitudinal component: The water particles also move slightly back and forth in the direction the wave travels. This is less noticeable but contributes to the wave's propagation.
This combination of movements creates the characteristic oscillating motion of water waves. While the wave itself moves across the surface, the water particles mainly move in a circular or elliptical path around their equilibrium position.
