1. Change in Velocity (Speed and Direction): A force can cause an object to speed up, slow down, or change direction. This is described by Newton's Second Law of Motion (F = ma), where a force (F) results in an acceleration (a) of an object with mass (m).

* Example: Pushing a cart causes it to accelerate, increasing its speed. Throwing a ball imparts a force that changes its direction.

2. Change in Shape: A force can deform or change the shape of an object.

* Example: Squeezing a rubber ball causes it to deform, or bending a piece of metal changes its shape.

3. Change in State of Motion: A force can cause an object to start moving, stop moving, or change its state from rest to motion or vice versa.

* Example: Pushing a stationary box to get it moving, or applying brakes to stop a moving car.