1. Displacement: This is the change in position of the object. It's not just the distance traveled, but also the direction. For example, if an object moves 5 meters to the east, then 3 meters to the north, its displacement is the diagonal distance from the starting point to the ending point.
2. Time: This is the duration over which the displacement occurs.
Once you have these two measurements, you can calculate velocity using the formula:
Velocity = Displacement / Time
