1. Reaction Distance: The distance the vehicle travels from the moment the driver perceives a hazard until they actually apply the brakes. This is influenced by factors like driver reaction time and speed.
2. Braking Distance: The distance the vehicle travels from the moment the brakes are applied until the vehicle comes to a complete stop. This is influenced by factors like brake efficiency, road surface condition, and vehicle speed.
Therefore, total stopping distance is the sum of these two components:
Total Stopping Distance = Reaction Distance + Braking Distance
