1. Absorption:
* When light hits an object, some of it is absorbed by the object's atoms and molecules. This means the light's energy is transferred to the object, causing the atoms to vibrate.
* The color we see is determined by the wavelengths of light that are not absorbed. For example, a red apple absorbs all wavelengths of visible light except red, which it reflects back to our eyes.
2. Reflection:
* Some light bounces off the surface of the object. This is called reflection.
* Specular reflection is what happens when light bounces off a smooth surface like a mirror, creating a clear image.
* Diffuse reflection occurs when light bounces off a rough surface, scattering the light in many directions. This is why we can see objects from different angles.
3. Transmission:
* Some materials, like glass, are transparent and allow light to pass through them. This is called transmission.
* The light waves travel through the material, but their speed can change depending on the material's density.
4. Refraction:
* When light passes from one medium to another, it bends. This is called refraction.
* The angle of refraction depends on the speed of light in each medium. This is why a straw appears to bend when submerged in water.
In summary:
When light hits an object, it can be absorbed, reflected, transmitted, or refracted. The specific interaction depends on the properties of the object and the wavelength of the light.
