* Atoms are normally neutral: They have an equal number of protons (positive charge) and electrons (negative charge).
* Losing an electron creates an imbalance: The atom now has more protons than electrons, resulting in a net positive charge.
Example:
* A sodium atom (Na) has 11 protons and 11 electrons.
* When it loses one electron, it becomes a sodium ion (Na+) with 11 protons and 10 electrons.
Key points:
* The process of losing an electron is called ionization.
* The charge on the ion is determined by the number of electrons lost. For example, losing two electrons would create a +2 charge.
* The loss or gain of electrons can dramatically alter the chemical properties of an atom, making it reactive and capable of forming chemical bonds.
