* Protons: Positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom.

* Electrons: Negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus.

In a neutral material:

* The number of protons (positive charges) equals the number of electrons (negative charges).

* The positive and negative charges cancel each other out, resulting in no net charge.

In a charged material:

* There's an imbalance. This can happen in a few ways:

* Gaining electrons: The material gains extra electrons, making it negatively charged.

* Losing electrons: The material loses some electrons, making it positively charged.

* Friction: Rubbing materials together can transfer electrons, causing one material to become positively charged and the other negatively charged.

Example:

A common example is rubbing a balloon on your hair. The friction causes electrons to transfer from your hair to the balloon. Your hair loses electrons and becomes positively charged, while the balloon gains electrons and becomes negatively charged.