1. Higher Torque Production: In a radial magnetic field, the armature conductors experience a force that is perpendicular to both the magnetic field and the direction of motion of the conductors. This results in a higher torque production compared to a uniform magnetic field, where the force experienced by the conductors is parallel to the direction of motion.
2. Constant Torque: The torque produced by an armature rotating in a radial magnetic field remains constant throughout the rotation. This is because the magnetic field strength and the direction of the force experienced by the conductors remain constant. In contrast, the torque produced by an armature rotating in a uniform magnetic field varies as the armature rotates, resulting in fluctuations in the torque.
3. Reduced Armature Reaction: Armature reaction refers to the effect of the armature current on the main magnetic field. In a radial magnetic field, the armature reaction is reduced because the armature conductors are arranged in a way that minimizes their influence on the main field. This reduces the distortion of the magnetic field and improves the overall performance of the motor or generator.
4. Improved Commutation: Commutation refers to the process of reversing the direction of current flow in the armature conductors as they pass from one pole to another. In a radial magnetic field, commutation is easier and more efficient because the magnetic field is constant in strength and direction. This simplifies the design and operation of the commutator and reduces the risk of sparking and arcing.
5. Better Cooling: The radial magnetic field allows for better cooling of the armature windings. The air gaps between the armature and the poles provide channels for the flow of cooling air, which helps to dissipate heat generated by the armature current. This improves the overall efficiency and lifespan of the machine.
Due to these advantages, radial magnetic fields are commonly used in various types of electrical machines, including DC motors, generators, synchronous machines, and induction motors.
