The rate of heat conduction through an object depends on several factors, including the material of the object, its thickness, and its surface area. Metals are generally good conductors of heat, while non-metals are poor conductors. The thicker the object, the slower the rate of heat conduction. And the larger the surface area of the object, the faster the rate of heat conduction.
In the case of the pot, the metal of the pot is a good conductor of heat, so the heat will flow relatively quickly through the pot and into the handle. The thickness of the pot and the handle will also play a role in how quickly the heat is transferred. A thin pot and handle will allow heat to flow more quickly than a thick pot and handle.
Finally, the surface area of the pot and the handle will also affect the rate of heat conduction. A larger surface area will allow more heat to flow through the object, so a larger pot and handle will transfer heat more quickly than a smaller pot and handle.