The force exerted by a cannonball on impact depends on several factors, including the mass of the cannonball, its velocity at the moment of impact, and the nature of the surface it strikes.

Here's the formula to calculate the force of impact:

Force (F) = Mass (m) × Velocity (v)

Where:

- Force (F) is measured in Newtons (N).

- Mass (m) is measured in kilograms (kg).

- Velocity (v) is measured in meters per second (m/s).

For example, if a 10-kilogram cannonball is traveling at a velocity of 100 meters per second and hits a solid, immovable object, the force of impact would be:

Force (F) = 10 kg × 100 m/s

Force (F) = 1000 N

This calculation provides an estimate of the force exerted at the moment of impact. It's important to note that the actual force and its effects can vary depending on factors such as the material properties and geometry of the impacted object. In reality, the impact of a cannonball would likely cause damage, deformation, and other physical effects to the target.