When a charged object is brought near an electrically neutral surface, the surface becomes polarized. This means that the charges on the surface of the object redistribute themselves in such a way that the side of the surface closest to the charged object has the opposite charge. This is because the charged object exerts an electric field on the surface of the object, which causes the charges on the surface to move.

The polarization of the surface creates a new electric field between the charged object and the surface. This new electric field opposes the electric field of the charged object, which reduces the overall electric field in the region between the object and the surface.

The polarization of the surface also causes the charged object to experience an attractive force towards the surface. This is because the opposite charges on the object and the surface attract each other. The strength of the attractive force depends on the amount of charge on the object and the distance between the object and the surface.

If the charged object is brought into contact with the electrically neutral surface, the charges on the surface will flow to the object, neutralizing it. This is because the charged object has a higher electric potential than the surface, so the charges will flow from the object to the surface until they are at the same potential.