Electric charges that are not in motion are called static charges. A static charge is an imbalance of electric charge on the surface of an object. These charges can be positive or negative, and they create an electrostatic field around the object. Static charges can be created by friction, contact, or induction. When two objects with opposite charges come into contact, electrons can be transferred from one object to the other, creating a static charge. This can cause a discharge of electricity, such as a spark or a shock. Static charges can also be created by induction, when a charged object is brought near an uncharged object. The electric field of the charged object can cause the electrons in the uncharged object to move, creating a static charge.