* Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles of matter. The higher the temperature, the faster the particles are moving.
* Pressure is a measure of the force exerted by the particles of matter as they collide with a surface. The higher the pressure, the more frequently the particles are colliding with the surface.
* Volume is a measure of the amount of space occupied by the particles of matter. The higher the volume, the more spread out the particles are.
Thermal motion is also responsible for the changes that occur in matter when it is heated or cooled. For example, when a solid is heated, the particles of matter start to move faster and the solid expands. When a gas is cooled, the particles of matter start to move slower and the gas condenses.
The study of thermal motion is called thermodynamics and it is a fundamental branch of physics.