* Resource depletion: When species compete for the same limited resources (like food, water, or territory), those resources become scarcer, impacting both competitors.

* Exclusion of one species: The stronger competitor may outcompete the weaker one, leading to its local extinction or displacement to a different area. This is known as competitive exclusion.

* Evolutionary changes: The pressure of competition can drive evolutionary changes in both species. This could involve adaptations that allow them to utilize different resources, exploit new niches, or become more efficient at acquiring the contested resource.

* Reduced population sizes: Competition can limit the growth and abundance of both competing populations. This is because resources are divided between them, and individuals may experience higher mortality rates due to limited access to essential resources.

* Species coexistence: In some cases, competition can lead to a stable coexistence of species, where both can persist. This often occurs when species specialize in different aspects of the resource, minimizing direct competition.

It's important to remember that competition is a complex force in nature. It can have both positive and negative effects on the involved species, and its outcomes are influenced by various factors like environmental conditions, species interactions, and the availability of resources.