By mass:
* Iron (Fe): Approximately 32.1%
* Oxygen (O): Approximately 30.1%
* Silicon (Si): Approximately 15.1%
* Magnesium (Mg): Approximately 13.0%
* Sulfur (S): Approximately 2.9%
* Nickel (Ni): Approximately 2.4%
* Calcium (Ca): Approximately 1.5%
* Aluminum (Al): Approximately 1.4%
* Others (Sodium, Potassium, etc.): Approximately 1.5%
By volume:
* Inner Core (solid iron and nickel): About 1.7% of Earth's volume
* Outer Core (liquid iron and nickel): About 1.7% of Earth's volume
* Mantle (mostly silicate minerals): About 84% of Earth's volume
* Crust (thin, outermost layer, mostly igneous and sedimentary rocks): About 0.5% of Earth's volume
Important Notes:
* Inner Earth Composition: We don't have direct samples from the inner core and mantle. Our knowledge is based on indirect measurements and inferences.
* Crust Variation: The crust is not uniform, with oceanic crust being thinner and denser than continental crust.
Let me know if you'd like more detail on any specific element or layer!