The science that deals with the dynamics and physical history of the Earth is called geology.

Here's a breakdown of why:

* Dynamics: Geology studies the processes that shape and reshape the Earth, including plate tectonics, volcanism, erosion, and sedimentation.

* Physical History: Geology investigates the Earth's past through the study of rocks, fossils, and geological formations, revealing how the planet has evolved over millions of years.

While other fields like geophysics and geochemistry also contribute to understanding Earth's dynamics and history, geology encompasses a broader scope, making it the most suitable term for the science you described.