There isn't one single word that perfectly captures the idea of "science records facts about the Earth's surface." However, here are some words and phrases that encompass different aspects of that concept:

General terms:

* Geography: The study of the Earth's surface, including its physical features, human populations, and relationships between them.

* Geoscience: A broad term encompassing all sciences related to the Earth, including geology, geophysics, and oceanography.

* Earth science: Similar to geoscience, encompassing the study of Earth's physical systems and processes.

More specific terms:

* Cartography: The science of making maps, which represent the Earth's surface.

* Geodesy: The study of the Earth's shape and size.

* Remote sensing: The acquisition of information about the Earth's surface using sensors that are not in direct contact with the Earth.

* Geomorphological mapping: Recording the features and processes that shape the Earth's surface.

* Surveying: The science of measuring and mapping the Earth's surface.

Ultimately, the best word or phrase will depend on the specific context and the kind of facts you are referring to.