* High Latitude: Tundra biomes are found in the high latitudes of the Arctic and Antarctic regions, meaning they receive very little direct sunlight. The Earth's tilt causes these regions to experience prolonged periods of darkness and low solar angles during winter, leading to extremely cold temperatures.
* Frozen Ground (Permafrost): Tundra is characterized by permafrost, a layer of permanently frozen soil. Permafrost acts as an insulator, preventing heat from the Earth's core from reaching the surface and warming the ground.
* Thin Atmosphere: The atmosphere in the tundra is thin, which means it has less capacity to absorb and retain heat. This contributes to the low temperatures.
* Low Cloud Cover: The lack of clouds allows heat to escape from the Earth's surface more easily, further contributing to the cold temperatures.
These factors combine to create the extremely cold temperatures that define the tundra biome.
