General:
* Translucent: This is the most accurate word for when light passes through but objects are not clearly visible.
* Transparent: This describes something that allows light to pass through completely, so objects are clearly visible.
* Permeable: This word emphasizes the material allowing light to pass through, not just how much light passes through.
More specific:
* Diffuse: Describes light that is scattered and spread out, making objects appear blurry.
* Refracted: Describes light that is bent as it passes through a material.
* Absorbed: Describes light that is taken in by the material, not passing through.
* Reflected: Describes light that bounces off the material, rather than passing through.
Figurative:
* Penetrating: Suggests light powerfully cutting through something.
* Piercing: Similar to penetrating, implying the light is intense and sharp.
The best word will depend on the specific situation you are describing.