The sun's energy heats the Earth's surface, which in turn heats the air. This warm air rises, and as it does, it cools and condenses into clouds. When the clouds become too heavy, they release their moisture in the form of precipitation.
The type of precipitation that occurs depends on the temperature of the air and the surface it falls onto. If the air is cold enough, the precipitation will be in the form of snow or sleet. If the air is warmer, the precipitation will be in the form of rain or drizzle.
Wind is the movement of air. It is caused by differences in air pressure. Air moves from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure. The speed of the wind depends on the difference in air pressure.
Air pressure is the weight of the air above a given point. It is measured in millibars (mb). The higher the air pressure, the heavier the air. Air pressure is affected by temperature and altitude. The warmer the air, the lower the air pressure. The higher the altitude, the lower the air pressure.
Weather can change rapidly, especially during the spring and summer months. This is because the sun's energy is strongest during these months, which can lead to more extreme weather conditions.