Contemporary approaches to language study include:

* Generative grammar: This approach focuses on the underlying rules that govern the formation of sentences in a language.

* Functional grammar: This approach focuses on the functions of language, such as how it is used to communicate meaning and to perform actions.

* Cognitive grammar: This approach focuses on how language is processed and represented in the mind.

* Sociolinguistics: This approach focuses on the relationship between language and society, including how language is used in different social contexts.

* Pragmatics: This approach focuses on how language is used to communicate meaning beyond the literal meaning of words, such as how it is used to convey intentions and to perform actions.

These are just a few of the many contemporary approaches to language study. Each approach has its own unique focus and methods, but all of them share a common interest in understanding the nature of language and how it is used.