1. Earth's tilt on its axis: The Earth's axis is tilted at an angle of 23.5 degrees. This tilt causes the amount of sunlight that reaches different parts of the Earth to vary throughout the year. As the Earth orbits the Sun, different hemispheres tilt towards or away from the Sun, resulting in changes in seasons. When a hemisphere tilts towards the Sun, it receives more direct sunlight and experiences summer, while the opposite hemisphere tilts away from the Sun and experiences winter.
2. Earth's orbit around the Sun: The Earth's orbit around the Sun is not perfectly circular, but rather elliptical. This means that the Earth's distance from the Sun varies throughout the year. When the Earth is closest to the Sun (perihelion), it receives more sunlight and experiences warmer temperatures. When the Earth is furthest from the Sun (aphelion), it receives less sunlight and experiences cooler temperatures.
