- Continental crust: The continental crust is the thickest and least dense layer of the lithosphere. It is composed of igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. The continental crust is found on the continents and extends beneath the oceans.

- Oceanic crust: The oceanic crust is the thinnest and densest layer of the lithosphere. It is composed of basaltic lava flows and gabbroic intrusions. The oceanic crust is found on the ocean floor.

- Upper mantle: The upper mantle is the layer of the Earth's mantle that lies beneath the lithosphere. It is composed of peridotite, a rock that is rich in magnesium and iron. The upper mantle is about 700 kilometers thick.

- Lower mantle: The lower mantle is the layer of the Earth's mantle that lies beneath the upper mantle. It is composed of perovskite and magnesiowüstite, two minerals that are denser than those found in the upper mantle. The lower mantle is about 2,900 kilometers thick.