- Leaf structure: Leaves have a waxy cuticle that helps to reflect sunlight.

- Pigments: Plants contain pigments such as chlorophyll, carotenoids, and anthocyanins. These pigments absorb different wavelengths of light energy and protect the chlorophyll molecule from damage.

- Enzymes: Plants produce enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). These enzymes help to detoxify the free radicals that are produced as a result of sunlight exposure.

- DNA repair mechanisms: Plants have DNA repair mechanisms that help to repair the damage caused by UV radiation.