The Antarctic is the coldest continent on Earth, with average temperatures below freezing. Despite these extreme conditions, there are a number of fish species that call the Antarctic home. How do these fish survive in such cold waters?

The key to their survival is a special type of protein called antifreeze proteins. These proteins prevent ice crystals from forming in the fish's body, which would otherwise cause them to freeze to death.

Antifreeze proteins work by binding to the surface of ice crystals and preventing them from growing. This is similar to how salt can be used to prevent ice from forming on roads and sidewalks.

The amount of antifreeze protein that a fish needs to survive varies depending on the species and the temperature of the water. Some fish only need a small amount of antifreeze protein, while others need a much larger amount.

Antifreeze proteins are not only found in fish, but also in other animals that live in cold climates, such as insects, spiders, and plants.

Thanks to antifreeze proteins, these animals are able to survive in some of the coldest environments on Earth.