1. Increase tree canopy cover. Planting more trees is the most effective way to reduce urban heat islands and improve air quality. Prioritize planting trees in areas that are most vulnerable to heat, such as low-income communities and areas with high levels of air pollution.

2. Water trees regularly. Water trees deeply and infrequently, about once a week. Avoid shallow watering, which encourages roots to grow near the surface and makes them more vulnerable to heat and drought.

3. Mulch around trees. Mulch helps to retain moisture, insulate roots, and suppress weeds. Apply a layer of mulch 2-3 inches thick around the base of each tree, but avoid piling mulch directly against the trunk.

4. Use tree shelters. Tree shelters can protect young trees from heat, sun, wind, and animals. Remove tree shelters after 2-3 years, when the trees are well established.

5. Prune trees properly. Proper pruning can help to keep trees healthy and reduce the risk of heat damage. Prune trees in late winter or early spring, before new growth begins.

6. Treat trees for pests and diseases. Pests and diseases can weaken trees and make them more vulnerable to heat damage. Monitor trees regularly for pests and diseases, and treat them promptly if necessary.

7. Advocate for policies that support urban trees. Encourage local governments to adopt policies that support and protect urban trees. These policies can include incentives for tree planting, tree protection ordinances, and funding for tree care programs.

By working together, we can help to save urban trees and protect our communities from extreme heat.