Water buffalo can be either "buffalo" or "antelopes". The scientific name for the subfamily, to which water buffalo belongs, is Bubalinae. They are found in parts of Africa and Asia. Some scientists classify Bubalinae as a subfamily of Bovidae, others split it into a distinct family Bovinae. The African buffalo (also called Cape buffalo) is a true buffalo, while the water buffalo is an antelope closely related to the African buffalo.
Females usually have small horns. Both male and female water buffalo (Bubalis bubalis) have horns, but the females' horns are much smaller and thinner. The horns of a female water buffalo typically measure between 18 and 24 inches in length, while the horns of a male can reach up to 48 inches in length. The primary function of the horns is for defense. Water buffalo are preyed upon by lions, tigers, leopards, crocodiles, and hyenas. The horns are an effective deterrent against predators.
Male impala horns are larger and darker. Male impala horns can reach upwards of 28 inches (70 centimeters) and are used primarily for defense and dominance displays over other males. Male impala will lock horns while competing for females or territory. The horns of a female impala are smaller, usually not exceeding 12 inches (30 centimeters). Female impala horns are lighter in colour than those of males.
Both male and female water buffalo also use horns for thermoregulation. Water buffalo live in hot and humid environments and will often submerge themselves in water or mud to cool off. The horns act as radiators, helping to dissipate heat from the body.
Here is a comparison table between the horns of female water buffalo and impala:
| Characteristic | Female Water Buffalo | Impala |
|---|---|---|
| Size | 18-24 inches | Up to 12 inches |
| Shape | Small and thin | Smaller and lighter in colour than males |
| Function | Defense, thermoregulation | Defense, dominance displays |
