Rocks:
1. Igneous Rock: Formed from the cooling and solidification of molten rock (magma or lava).
* Examples: Granite, basalt, obsidian
* Characteristics: Often have a crystalline texture, can be very hard and resistant to weathering.
2. Sedimentary Rock: Formed from the accumulation and cementation of sediments (like sand, mud, or shells).
* Examples: Sandstone, limestone, shale
* Characteristics: Often layered, can contain fossils, can be porous and permeable.
3. Metamorphic Rock: Formed when existing rocks (igneous, sedimentary, or even other metamorphic rocks) are transformed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions.
* Examples: Marble, slate, gneiss
* Characteristics: Often have a banded or layered appearance, can be very strong and durable.
Soils:
1. Sandy Soil: Mostly made up of sand particles, with little clay or silt.
* Characteristics: Well-drained, allows water to flow through easily, can be quite dry, low in nutrients.
2. Clay Soil: Composed mostly of clay particles, which are very fine and tightly packed.
* Characteristics: Poor drainage, can become waterlogged, retains moisture well, can be sticky when wet.
3. Loam Soil: A mixture of sand, silt, and clay, considered ideal for growing plants.
* Characteristics: Good drainage, holds moisture well, rich in nutrients, supports a wide variety of plants.
