* Magma: Molten rock found beneath the Earth's surface.
* Lava: Molten rock that erupts onto the Earth's surface.
How it forms:
1. Melting: Deep within the Earth, extreme heat and pressure cause rocks to melt, forming magma.
2. Cooling and Solidification: When magma rises to the surface or cools underground, it gradually crystallizes into igneous rock.
3. Intrusive vs. Extrusive:
* Intrusive igneous rock: Formed when magma cools and solidifies beneath the Earth's surface. Examples include granite and gabbro.
* Extrusive igneous rock: Formed when lava cools and solidifies on the Earth's surface. Examples include basalt and rhyolite.
Key points:
* Igneous rocks are classified based on their mineral composition and texture.
* They are the foundation of the Earth's crust.
* They provide valuable resources such as granite, basalt, and obsidian.
So, in essence, igneous rock is born from the fiery depths of our planet and cooled down to become the solid rock we know today.
