The person who cataloged rocks and minerals around 200 BCE was Theophrastus. He was a Greek philosopher and scientist who is considered the "father of botany" and also made significant contributions to mineralogy.

He wrote a book called "On Stones" which described and categorized various rocks and minerals based on their properties. This work was one of the first systematic attempts to classify and study minerals, paving the way for future advancements in the field.