Here's a breakdown:
Igneous Rocks:
* Formed from the cooling and solidification of magma (molten rock) or lava.
* Examples: Granite, basalt, gabbro
Sedimentary Rocks:
* Formed from the accumulation and cementation of sediments like sand, mud, or organic matter.
* Examples: Sandstone, limestone, shale
Metamorphic Rocks:
* Formed when existing rocks are transformed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions.
* Examples: Marble, slate, gneiss
The composition of the crust varies depending on whether it's continental crust or oceanic crust:
Continental Crust:
* Thicker and less dense than oceanic crust.
* Primarily composed of granite and other felsic rocks rich in silica, aluminum, sodium, and potassium.
Oceanic Crust:
* Thinner and denser than continental crust.
* Mostly made of basalt and gabbro, which are mafic rocks rich in magnesium and iron.
In addition to the major rock types, the crust also contains a small percentage of other materials, including:
* Minerals: Quartz, feldspar, mica, etc.
* Water: Found in various forms, including groundwater and ice.
* Organic matter: Decaying plant and animal material.
It's important to note that the Earth's crust is constantly changing as a result of plate tectonics, erosion, and other geological processes.