The type of rock formed from cementing small pieces of older rocks, shells, soil, or dead plants and animals is called sedimentary rock.

Here's why:

* Sedimentary rocks are formed by the accumulation and cementation of sediments, which are fragments of other rocks, minerals, or organic matter.

* The process involves weathering, erosion, transportation, deposition, compaction, and cementation.

* The materials you mentioned (older rocks, shells, soil, dead plants, and animals) are all examples of sediments that can be incorporated into sedimentary rocks.

Examples of sedimentary rocks:

* Sandstone: Formed from cemented sand grains.

* Limestone: Often formed from the accumulation of shells or the remains of marine organisms.

* Conglomerate: Formed from cemented gravel-sized fragments.

* Coal: Formed from the accumulation and compaction of plant remains.