* Soil Formation: Soil develops over time as bedrock breaks down and mixes with organic matter. This process starts at the surface and works its way down.
* R Horizon: This layer is essentially the parent material – the solid bedrock that hasn't yet been significantly weathered.
* Weathering: The process of weathering (breaking down rocks) occurs more intensely closer to the surface due to exposure to rain, wind, freezing/thawing, and biological activity.
Important Note: While unweathered bedrock is found in the R horizon, it may not be visible at the surface. The depth of soil development varies greatly depending on factors like climate, geology, and topography.
