* Granite: A coarse-grained, light-colored rock rich in quartz and feldspar. Found in mountain ranges and as large batholiths.
* Diorite: A medium-grained, dark-colored rock with a composition between granite and gabbro. Found in mountain ranges and as smaller intrusions.
* Gabbro: A dark-colored, coarse-grained rock rich in plagioclase feldspar and pyroxene. Found in oceanic crust and as smaller intrusions.
* Peridotite: A dark-colored, coarse-grained rock rich in olivine and pyroxene. Found in the Earth's mantle and as rare intrusions.
* Syenite: A light-colored, medium-grained rock with more alkali feldspar and less quartz than granite. Found in smaller intrusions and in association with granite.
* Basalt: A dark-colored, fine-grained volcanic rock rich in pyroxene and plagioclase feldspar. Forms from lava flows and is the most common volcanic rock on Earth.
* Rhyolite: A light-colored, fine-grained volcanic rock rich in quartz and feldspar. Forms from highly viscous lava and is often associated with explosive eruptions.
* Andesite: A medium-colored, fine-grained volcanic rock with a composition between basalt and rhyolite. Found in volcanic arcs and is common in continental settings.
* Scoria: A dark-colored, vesicular volcanic rock with a rough, irregular texture. Forms from lava with abundant gas bubbles and is commonly used as lightweight aggregate.
* Pumice: A light-colored, highly porous volcanic rock that floats on water. Forms from highly viscous lava with abundant gas bubbles.
These are just some of the most common intrusive and extrusive rocks. There are many other types of rocks that exist, but these are the ones that are most frequently encountered.
